The general concept of BCI technology involves using an implant that can pick up signals from the brain for a variety of purposes, such as helping people with health conditions to speak, walk or use electronic devices in ways they couldn’t before.

If you open your devices with a fingerprint or face scan, you're probably OK with tech companies having some of your biological data. Now, the rise of neurotech wearables is putting your brainwaves on the table, too.

La première utilisation de la puce cérébrale Neuralink offre jusque-là des résultats impressionnants et prometteurs. La start-up d'Elon Musk capte toute l'attention, mais il ne faut pas oublier que d'autres acteurs existent également dans le secteur. Loin du feu des projecteurs, ils travaillent sur leurs propres solutions cerveau-machine.

The company, Beijing Xinzhida Neurotechnology, which is backed by the Chinese government, unveiled its device, the NeuCyber Array BMI (brain-machine interface) System at a technology convention in Beijing on Thursday, according to Reuters.

The purpose of this thematic review is to provide an overview of the advantages of endovascular BCI compared with conventional BCI, as well as the specific anatomical areas of interest of existing studies. Given the rapid development of endovascular interventional neurosurgery, we also review the latest information on relevant ongoing clinical trials and the research outlook for endovascular electrodes. 本专题综述旨在概述血管内BCI与传统BCI相比下的优势，以及现有研究关注的特定解剖区域。鉴于血管内介入神经外科的快速发展，我们还回顾了相关正在进行的临床试验的最新信息以及血管内电极的研究前景。

Electrical stimulation of neural tissue and recording of neural activity are the bases of emerging prostheses and treatments for spinal cord injury, stroke, sensory deficits, and drug-resistant neurological disorders. Safety and efficacy are key aspects for the clinical acceptance of therapeutic neural stimulators. The cortical vasculature has been shown to be a safe site for implantation of electrodes for chronically recording neural activity, requiring no craniotomy to access high-bandwidth, intracranial EEG.

The device described here was created with entirely off the shelf materials, but several alternative configurations exist. In general, the components are a long guidewire and expanding scaffold (here a stone retrieval basket was used); a guide catheter (here the sheath from the stone retrieval basket was used); electrodes attached to the scaffold and connected to the acquisition device (here platinum was used); and an acquisition component (here an Oscium mobile acquisition device was used). Any off the shelf existing devices could be used to make the device so long as the diameter of the scaffold and wire match the internal diameter of the guide catheter.

Also, the surface of neural devices can be chemically functionalized and coated with anti-inflammatory materials, which will show similar effects by minimizing foreign body responses. A surface modification technique can modify the surface of implants with a slippery surface inspired by the Nepenthes pitcher plant to achieve excellent repellency against bio-substances (Chae et al., 2020). Inspired by this, the surface of a fiber-based neural interface can be modified to achieve immune evasiveness and therefore reduce the decay of performance caused by immune responses.

The intracranial venous system represents a promising conduit for neuromodulation devices. The ideal endovascular neuromodulation device would have low thrombogenicity, high biocompatibility without compromising durability, and carry a low infection risk. To achieve this goal, there are several areas in which further research is necessary.

Cardiovascular neuromodulation is an emerging field with ongoing research and clinical trials to investigate its safety and efficacy in various cardiovascular conditions. It has the potential to offer new treatment options for patients with cardiovascular conditions that fail to respond to the traditional therapies. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and long-term outcomes.

Implantable bioelectronic devices for the simulation of peripheral nerves could be used to treat disorders that are resistant to traditional pharmacological therapies. However, for many nerve targets, this requires invasive surgeries and the implantation of bulky devices (about a few centimetres in at least one dimension). Here we report the design and in vivo proof-of-concept testing of an endovascular wireless and battery-free millimetric implant for the stimulation of specific peripheral nerves that are difficult to reach via traditional surgeries. The device can be delivered through a percutaneous catheter and leverages magnetoelectric materials to receive data and power through tissue via a digitally programmable 1 mm × 0.8 mm system-on-a-chip.

HF hospitalization rates and symptom burdens remain high in patients with HF. In addition to drug therapy, several interventional procedures for neuromodulation have been increasingly investigated in patients with HF. This article summarizes the pathophysiologic rationale and latest clinical evidence for interventional neuromodulating therapies investigated in HF, including catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN), unilateral electrical baroreflex activation therapy (BAT), and endovascular BAT

Autonomic modulation has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy aimed at reduction of systemic inflammation. Such therapies, complementary to drug and device-based therapies may lead to improved patient outcomes and reduce disease burden. Most professional societies currently do not provide a clear recommendation on the use of neuromodulation techniques in HF. These include direct and indirect vagal nerve stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, baroreflex activation therapy, carotid sinus stimulation, aortic arch stimulation, splanchnic nerve modulation, cardiopulmonary nerve stimulation, and renal sympathetic nerve denervation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of neuromodulation in HF.

Deployed in the correct manner, future BCIs have the potential to enable their users to control computers with their thoughts after loss of function. This could be life-changing for millions of patients with conditions such as locked-in syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or tetraplegia. Clinical research and testing of devices for various conditionsopens in a new tab or window is ongoing, and several companiesopens in a new tab or window have made significant stridesopens in a new tab or window to bring these devicesopens in a new tab or window toward commercialization and reaching patients.

Most of the companies working in this space have the same goal: capturing enough information from the brain to decipher the user’s intention. The idea is to aid communication for people who can’t easily move or speak, either by helping them navigate a computer cursor or by actually translating their brain activity into speech or text.

Throughout the brain-computer interface industry, from the birth of the BCI prototype in 1924 to the first implantation of electrodes in a monkey's brain by American scientist Eberhard Fetz in 1969, forming a closed-loop neuromodulation. After the theoretical germination, conceptual demonstration, until 2015, from the California Polytechnic neuroscientist Richard Andersen successfully implanted a chip in the brain of a quadriplegic patient, so that he had a mouthful of cold beer, brain-computer technology finally had a major breakthrough. 2021 Musk's Neuralink successfully utilized the 1024-channel flexible electrodes to achieve the monkey to play the game , 2022 Nature publishes data indicating that humans can achieve 99% accuracy by typing with their minds. The global brain-computer interface technology has already advanced to the industrial development period.

Deep cerebral targets can also be accessed with an endovascular approach, with the 1.9 ± 0.5 mm diameter internal cerebral vein and 1.2-mm-diameter thalamostriate vein lying in close proximity to the anterior and centromedian nuclei of the thalamus, respectively. This work identified numerous veins that are in close proximity to conventional stimulation targets that are of a diameter large enough for delivery and deployment of an endovascular electrode array, supporting future work to assess clinical efficacy and chronic safety of an endovascular approach to deliver therapeutic neurostimulation.

The device is compatible with standard endovascular catheters and, once deployed, provide good apposition to a cylindrical structure mimicking a blood vessel. The advantage of this device is twofold. On the one hand, the exploitation of the cerebrovascular system as an access route to the neural tissue avoids invasive surgeries. On the other hand, a transient device may reduce the inflammatory reaction and avoid additional surgeries for removal or replacement. This neurovascular interface combines the benefits of both transient bioelectronics and stent technology in a single device to broaden the range of applications of neural interfaces from neurological diseases and mental disorders to bioelectronics medicine.

Electrical stimulation technologies are evolving after remaining fairly stagnant for the past 30 years, moving toward potential closed-loop therapeutic control systems with the ability to deliver stimulation with higher spatial resolution to provide continuous customized neuromodulation for optimal clinical outcomes. Even so, there is still much to be learned about disease pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders and the latent mechanisms of neurostimulation that provide therapeutic relief.

Several types of endovascular electrodes have been developed to be delivered into the blood vessels in the brain via a standard catheterization procedure. In this review, the existing body of research on the development and application of endovascular electrodes is presented. The capabilities of each of these endovascular electrodes is compared to commonly used direct-contact electrodes to demonstrate the relative efficacy of the devices. Potential clinical applications of endovascular recording and stimulation and the advantages of endovascular versus direct-contact approaches are presented.